Latent Space Podcast 5/15/23 [Summary] - Guaranteed quality and structure in LLM outputs - with Shreya Rajpal of Guardrails AI

Original Link: Guaranteed quality and structure in LLM outputs - with Shreya Rajpal of Guardrails AI

Summary

Exploring Guardrails: Shaping AI Outputs with Shreya Rajpal

On the Latent Space Podcast, hosted by Alessio and Swyx, they welcomed Shreya Rajpal, an AI expert with a background in AI from IIT Delhi and a master's from UIUC. She started her AI journey in 2014, expressing how she felt the field has always been on the brink of global change. Shreya's professional trajectory took her through Drive.ai, Apple's Special Projects Group alongside Ian Goodfellow, and a recent transition from Pretty Base to focus on her project, Guardrails. On a personal note, Shreya revealed she enjoys pottery, drawing a light-hearted comparison between her professional and personal interests.

The main topic of discussion was Guardrails, Shreya's initiative. Stemming from her own experiences with AI outputs and the desire for greater control, Guardrails was designed to offer a more structured and reliable output from Large Language Models (LLMs). The system consists of a specification framework to guide outputs and code to enforce them. It is designed to offer both coarse and detailed output parameters. Additionally, Guardrails uses a unique markup language, Reliable AI Markup Language (RAIL), which ensures the outputs adhere to the specified criteria. One of the tool's key features is its model-agnostic nature, meaning it can be integrated with any AI model that uses string inputs and outputs.

A point of contention was Shreya's choice of XML over more popular formats like JSON or YAML. She explained that XML, despite its criticisms, offered her a clean, English-like structure and greater control over output properties. However, Shreya did acknowledge the criticisms and hinted at future updates that might bring other markup languages or even a code-first version to Guardrails.

The podcast touched upon the growing community of non-technical individuals leveraging AI tools, emphasizing the importance of building tools that cater to both beginners and experts. They concluded by highlighting the potential for third-party developers to build on top of Guardrails, equating its foundation to how HTML paved the way for platforms like WordPress.

Exploring Developer Ergonomics: SQL vs. XML and the Evolution of Guardrails

Swyx and Shreya on SQL and XML:

• Swyx inquires about Shreya's exploration of SQL syntax in comparison with a project named "l m qr".

• Shreya explains that she prioritized developer ergonomics in her project. Rather than introducing a new SQL-like dialect, which she perceived as high friction, she opted for XML or markup language due to its intuitive nature.

• Swyx recognizes SQL's reputation among business analysts but ultimately agrees with Shreya's stance.

• Shreya points out that many enterprises, including medium-tech individuals, find XML familiar.

React's Influence and Guardrails Design:

• Swyx mentions his background in React, a JavaScript framework that utilizes an XML-like language for templating. He wonders if Shreya took inspiration from it.

• Shreya, while not deeply versed in frontend, acknowledges the appeal of combining event handlers with a declarative framework. She compares Guardrails to inserting dynamic scripting and event handling into applications, likening it to JavaScript within HTML.

• Swyx brings up the composability feature in React, questioning if Guardrails projects can be imported into others, suggesting potential for a Guardrails package manager or reusable components.

• Shreya acknowledges the feasibility of the idea, linking it to chaining and composing LLM API calls with Guardrails ensuring the integrity of each call.

Models Creating Their Own Rails:

• Alessio, speaking on Guardrails, asks if models can create their own specifications.

• Shreya admits she hasn't tested this but sees potential in the idea.

• Discussing agents, Shreya acknowledges their potential but also their unpredictability. She likens ML application design to self-driving systems, emphasizing the need for guaranteeing outputs, especially in auto-generated goals.

Future of AI Progress:

• Swyx reflects on AI's trajectory, wondering what constant aspects Shreya is focusing on with Guardrails and what she expects will improve.

• Shreya believes longer context lengths will emerge and become a standard in applications, but the essence of ensuring guaranteed outputs remains vital.

Innovations and Challenges in AI Research and Development

Swyx and Shreya delve into recent advancements in AI architecture and research. Here are the key points:

• Swyx brings up a recent 'transformer thing' that's been circulating, with Shreya connecting it to her husband's work at Stanford's Hazy research lab. The lab focuses on innovative and efficient architectures for AI models.

• Shreya highlights the lab's endeavor into newer architectures that don't solely depend on transformers. The goal is to achieve longer context lengths, lower latency, and better memory efficiency.

• Shreya expresses her expertise in these advancements due to her background and previous work in similar areas. She emphasizes that even with advancements, determining the exact configurations for efficiency requires extensive experimentation.

• A significant challenge discussed is the determinism on machine learning models. It's stated that even with consistent inputs and certain control parameters (like temperature zero), the outputs aren't always identical. This poses a challenge, especially when external factors like model updates affect the system's functioning.

• Shreya then transitions to "guardrails", a tool she seems to be involved with. It assists in prompt engineering, ensuring users get quality outputs without much intervention. One of its strengths is that it reduces the burden on the user by maintaining consistency, even when underlying models change frequently.

• Another highlighted issue is the lack of reproducibility in AI models due to the vast range of inputs and outputs that can't always be covered by tests and training data. Shreya mentions that merely scaling the models or adding more data doesn't address the problem. Instead, a more holistic approach, which combines powerful AI models with rule-based heuristics and traditional machine learning tools, might offer a solution.

• Swyx and Shreya also discuss "guardrails'" various features, like checking SQL syntax against a schema and ensuring structured outputs. They touch on the potential of such a tool in enhancing the user experience.

Overall, the conversation paints a vivid picture of the current AI landscape, shedding light on both the thrilling advancements and the persistent challenges.

Guardrails in AI Application Development

Swyx and Shreya discuss the integration of AI and its implications on the machine's readability.

Highlights:

• Swyx points out potential issues with machine readability when integrated with platforms like Datadog.

• Alessio introduces the challenge of Service Level Agreements (SLAs) for ambiguous outputs such as drafting marketing articles. How does one measure quality and latency in such situations?

• Shreya highlights that SLAs in this context focus more on content quality rather than time. Breaking down a task into smaller components, like content creation, allows for more explicit guarantees and expectations. For instance, specifying the reading time for a summary.

• Alessio touches upon the idea that products will soon differentiate based on the number of guardrails they incorporate. This differentiation is visible with platforms like OpenAI, where some responses might be seen as too verbose or too cautious.

• Shreya brings forth the concept of 'authenticity' in content, which may sometimes require fewer guardrails. The intention with designing Guardrails is to offer a framework, and developers can adapt this based on their needs.

• Alessio delves into 'chat plugins' and how guardrails might assist in ensuring brand-focused content generation, preventing mentions of competitors, for example.

• The conversation pivots to the notion of the LLM API wrapper, with Swyx noting that various players are competing for this foundational layer. Shreya emphasizes collaboration over competition, stating her intent to integrate with everyone rather than own this real estate.

Balancing Innovation and Feedback: Insights from Shreya on Guardrails and Collaborative AI Development

In an insightful conversation between Swyx, Shreya, and Alessio, the dynamics of AI project development, particularly in the context of Shreya’s Guardrails, were discussed. Shreya, despite being new to running a company, has shown remarkable agility, launching multiple projects simultaneously. The conversation touched on:

1. Prioritization in AI Projects: Shreya’s approach to development is instinctive, and she often stack ranks her ideas. Community feedback and failure reports take precedence in her list of priorities.

2. Engagement Metrics: A major part of Shreya's week varies between calls with potential users, gaining insight on their use cases, and building. She emphasized the importance of user empathy and understanding their needs to ensure the product aligns well.

3. Open Source as a Tool: Alessio pointed out the interesting dynamics of open source projects. While Shreya has been the primary contributor to Guardrails, with her husband being the second most significant contributor, she sees the value in community contributions. The goal now is to get more engagement from the open-source community.

4. Business Model Exploration: Swyx was curious about Shreya’s plans for the future of Guardrails. While Shreya is dedicated to her open-source work full-time, she expressed interest in exploring various entrepreneurial paths. She sees the problems Guardrails addresses as crucial for the success of large-scale machine learning systems.

5. Learning from Mentors: An interesting anecdote was shared about Shreya's time at Apple, where she worked alongside Ian Goodfellow, known for his creation of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). Shreya praised Ian for his creative approach to machine learning and shared insights on effective management.

In essence, the conversation shed light on the complexities of managing and growing an AI project, the importance of community feedback, and the potential paths one can take with open-source projects.

Exploring the Future of AI and Automation

In a candid conversation between Swyx, Shreya, and Alessio, the trio delves into the cutting-edge developments emerging from Stanford and their implications on the broader AI ecosystem. Shreya, with proximity to Stanford, has a keen interest in the academic outputs, particularly the areas of guardrails and ML efficiency techniques.

"Guardrails" has become a popular term, and Swyx can't help but express his admiration every time he hears it. Shreya is curious about the ongoing advancements in efficient ML inference, hoping to see improvements in context length and better fine-tuning capabilities with minimal data.

When the topic of efficiency surfaces, Swyx inquires about Shreya's perspective on various optimization techniques. She advocates for a holistic approach, employing an ensemble of methods. Shreya acknowledges the delicate balance between enhancing an AI model's efficiency and ensuring its performance remains uncompromised. This trade-off is inherently experimental, as solutions vary depending on use cases, architectures, and hardware.

Alessio then initiates a "lightning round" of questions, with the first being about favorite AI products. Shreya cites "co-pilot" as a game-changer. Further discussion reveals a shared enthusiasm for the automation of coding and testing processes, with Shreya highlighting a tool called AutoPR that converts GitHub issues into pull requests. Alessio introduces another tool, Wolverine, that specializes in self-healing code.

Predictions for the AI industry's trajectory in the upcoming year are broached. Shreya anticipates challenges in transitioning from AI's current potential to delivering consistent, top-notch user experiences.

The dialogue culminates with a discussion on an AI solution that can draft emails reflecting one's unique tone and style. Both Shreya and Alessio express a desire for such a product. The conversationalists underscore the progress in AI, yet also note the occasional humorous and unexpected missteps in the technology's current state.